ABSTRACT
Abstract Sweet cherry fruit is a tasty and valuable product for consumers. In order to increase the export share of cherry, which is also very important in export, it is beneficial to grow with cherry varieties that mature at different times. The cherries offered to the market in the early period will be more attractive. In this study, morphological and biological features of pistils of early-maturing 'Cristalina', 'Early Lory', 'Prime Giant', fruit set rates and pollen germination status and some chemical applications were investigated. As a result, fruit sets of cultivars were 17.6-28.6% in two years. Significant differences were observed in pistil morphology of the cultivars and 'Cristalina' had shorter pistil (14.35-14.51 mm) and style (11.47-11.65 mm) lengths than the other cultivars. Greater deformation was observed in primary ovules of 'Early Lory' right after anthesis. There were not significant differences in pollen germination ratios of the cultivars, but boric acid treatments improved pollen germination ratios of all cultivars. Boric acid application increased pollen germination with 21%. This was followed by IAA (8%), GA3 (5%), KNO3 (4%). It was concluded based on present findings that in orchard establishment with the early cultivars, flower biology should momentously be assessed.
Subject(s)
Flowers , Ovule , Prunus avium , PollenABSTRACT
Studies on seed structure of Asteraceae have received little attention of botanists. Seed structure in Asteraceae is analyzed to evaluate the usefulness of characters in the separation of species through the analysis of nine weedy species. Seeds originate from anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate ovules. The partial collapse of the developing seed coat is a common characteristic in the Asteraceae species studied. The testa consists of crushed and thin-walled cells in almost all of the species studied herein, except for Elephantopus mollis and Parthenium hysterophorus, which showed exotesta cells with U-shaped thickening. The analysis revealed high uniformity in seed characters.
Estudos da estrutura da semente de Asteraceae receberam pouca atenção de botânicos. A estrutura da semente de Asteraceae é examinada com a finalidade de avaliar a utilidade dos caracteres na separação de espécies, mediante a análise de nove espécies de plantas daninhas. As sementes são originárias de óvulos anátropos, unitegumentado e tenuinucelados. O colapso parcial do revestimento da semente em desenvolvimento é uma característica comum nas espécies estudadas de Asteraceae. A testa é composta por células colapsadas e de paredes finas em quase todas as espécies estudadas, com exceção de Elephantopus mollis e Parthenium hysterophorus, que demonstraram células da exotesta com espessamento em U. A análise revelou uma grande quantidade de uniformidade dos caracteres estudados das sementes.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae , Embryonic Structures , Endosperm , OvumABSTRACT
Major objective of the present work was to induce haploid plants in Cucumis melo var. conomon cv. Mudicode (Common name: Kani vellari). Ovules of Kani vellari plants were collected one day before anthesis and were cultured in vitro on MS medium supplemented with IAA, IBA, NAA, 2, 4-D, KN, BAP, TDZ and 2-iP (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 μM) and BAP/TDZ/KN (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 μM) in combination with IAA, IBA, NAA, 2, 4-D (1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 μM). The cultured ovules involved in callus induction and an optimum quantity of 93.15 mg of callus from cultured ovules was obtained on the MS medium fortified with 1 μM BAP + 2 μM NAA. The callus induced on medium supplemented with 1 μM BAP+2 μM NAA was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 μM BAP was involved in shoot organogenesis and developed a maximum of 5.55 shoots. The rooting of the regenerated shoots was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1 μM IAA. Cytological analysis of the root tips of regenerated plants confirmed their haploid nature.
ABSTRACT
The present study is based on four populations of Trifolium fragiferum L. of the family Fabaceae growing at four different sites in Jammu region, India. The species, which grows as a common weed in the area of study, follows an annual life cycle of about 3½month in the subtropical climates of Jammu region. While all of these populations were recorded in full bloom during February and March, they displayed a temporal scatter. Detailed studies revealed these population types to be morphologically similar but distinct in the many aspects studied. An interesting phenomenon noted for the plants of this species was in situ pollen germination, which was recorded in about 28.8% of the flowers studied. The species under investigation also showed an appreciable amount of ovule abortion. The ovule abortion in pistils was found to be non-random, with the peduncular ovule aborting at a higher rate than the stylar one. The rates and patterns of ovule abortion were studied vis-à-vis in situ pollen germination and were compared between different populations. Interesting results were obtained, indicative of the fact that precocious pollen germination does affect the ovule abortion in one way or other.
ABSTRACT
Terminalia arjuna is a deciduous tree widely distributed in tropical semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests. Flowers of T. arjuna have ten stamens, which remain inside the bud and anthesis is carried out at different times of the day. Pollen grains are yellow in colour, medium and spherical, aperture is tri zonocolporate and exine is smooth. The pollen: ovule ratio is about 15,400 : 1. Optimum germination was seen in BBM + 12.5% sucrose. After 16 hr of anthesis, the pollen grains lost their viability and there was no fruit set. The current findings will be useful in studying pollen – pistil interactions, gene flow and heterozygosity of the T. arjuna populations.